Contemporary
Pedorthics
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Pedorthitcs
Table of Contents
for Contemporary Pedorthics:
Introduction
What is Pedorthics and
why is this book needed?
SIMPLIFIED BIOMECHANICS OF THE FOOT
AND LEG
Anatomy
Dorsal bones of the foot
Medial bones of the foot
Simplified biomechanics of the foot and leg
Scientific terminology
Laws of motion and physics
Cardinal planes of motion
Sagittal plane
Frontal or coronal plane
Transverse plane
Gait
The gait cycle
Foot and ankle biomechanics
Physical assessment of major foot and ankle joints
Ankle joint
Subtalar joint
Foot Pathomechanics
Foot types
Frontal plane functional foot disorders
Sagittal plane functional foot disorders
Transverse plane functional foot disorders
Orthoses
Modern gait analysis and the root model
Alternative models
HEEL, REARFOOT,
ANKLE AND LEG
Anatomy
Medial foot ligaments
Lateral foot ligaments
Medial foot
Tibia and fibula
Plantar aponeurosis
Anterior thigh muscles
Posterior thigh muscles
Anterior leg and foot
Anterior leg
Deep posterior leg
Knee joint
Lateral leg and foot
Heel
Inferior or plantar heel
Fractured heel spur
Nerve compression
Plantar fascial rupture
Plantar fasciitis
Plantar fat pad atrophy
Subcalcaneal (infracalcaneal) bursa
Medial or lateral heel
Calcaneal fracture
Calcaneal stress fracture
Piezogenic papule(s) (dermatocele)
Tendinitis
Posterior heel
Achilles’ tendinitis (peritendinitis)
Calcaneal apophysitis (Sever’s disease)
Haglund’s syndrome (Haglund’s
deformity)
Posterior calcaneal bursitis
Rearfoot
Clubfoot (talipes equinovarus)
Congenital flat foot (calcaneovalgus)
Congenital vertical talus
Pes cavus
Pes planus
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
Sinus tarsi syndrome
Tarsal coalition
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Ankle and leg
Ankle equines
Ankle sprain
Chondromalacia patella
Limb length inequality
FOREFOOT AND MIDFOOT
Anatomy
Intrinsic foot muscles: first layer
Intrinsic foot muscles: second layer
Intrinsic foot muscles: third and fourth layers
Anterior ankle dorsum foot
Forefoot and Midfoot
Corn
Callus
Congenital deformities of the digits and metatarsals
Clinodactyly
Ectrodactyly
Syndactyly
Polydactyly
Macrodactyly
Brachydactyly
Brachymetatarsia
Hallux limitus
Hallux valgus
Hammer toe
Ingrown toe nail
Metatarsal-cunieform exostosis
Metatarsalgia
Metatarsus adductus
Morton’s neuroma
Morton’s syndrome
Onychomycosis
Plantar fibromatosis
Sesamoiditis
Tailor’s bunion
Turf toe
FOOT
Anatomy
Skin anatomy
Synovial joint
Bone anatomy
Foot
Accessory bones
Arthritis
Synovial inflammatory disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis
Reiters syndrome
Degenerative joint diseases
Osteoarthritis
Crystal deposition diseases
Gout
Pseudogout
Connective tissue diseases
Scleroderma
Infection
Septic arthritis
Neuropathic disease
Charcot foot
Chronic repetitive strain syndrome
Dermatitis
Diabetic foot ulcer
Flaccid paresis
Foot infection
Frostbite
Ganglion
Osteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis of the leg
Osteochondrosis of the foot
Peripheral neuropathies
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Leprosy
Alcoholic neuropathy
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
Psoriasis
Plantar wart
Skin ulceration of the lower limb
Venous skin ulcer
Pressure ulcer
Arterial skin ulcer
Stress fracture
Tendinitis
Tinea pedis
Xerosis
ASSOCIATED MEDICAL
CONDITIONS
Anatomy
Lymph system anterior leg
Lymph system posterior leg
Associated medical conditions
Acute peripheral arterial occlusion
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Arteriosclerosis
Deep venous thrombosis
Diabetes mellitus
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Flaccid paresis
Friedreich’s ataxia
Guillian-Barre syndrome
Lumbar radiculopathy
Lymphedema
Parkinson’s disease
Peripheral artery aneurysm
Phantom pain
Poliomyelitis
Raynaud’s disease
Spastic paralysis
Cerebral palsy
Multiple sclerosis
Spina bifida
Tabes dorsalis
Thromboangiitis obliterans
PEDORTHIC MODALITIES
Shoes
Shoe lasts
Shoe patterns
Shoe insoles
Attaching the upper to the insole
Welting and bottoming
Fitting shoes
Custom shoes
Depth shoes
Shoe fitting aids
Forefoot padding
Heel grips
Lacing techniques
Tongue padding
Internal shoe modifications
Bubble patch
Carbon fiber plates
Excavations
Increasing vamp depth
Increasing width of shoe
Inserted counter
Internal metatarsal bar
Internal shoe wedging
Metatarsal pads
Scaphoid pads
Shoe stretchers
External shoe modifications
Shoe modification materials
Full steel shanks
Hook and loop closures (Velcro)
Lateral stabilizers
Medial stabilizers
Metatarsal bars
Reinforced counters
Rocker soles
SACH heels
Shoe lifts
Lateral and medial sole and heel wedges
Sole and heel flares
Thomas heels
Foot orthoses
Casting techniques
Computer generated casts
Direct mold method
Impression foam
Making negative and positive molds
Plaster bandage
Wax and sand
Accommodative devices
Functional devices
Gait plates
Root device
Forefoot posting
Rearfoot posting
Extrinsic posting
Intrinsic posting
Subtalar control foot orthosis (SCFO)
UCBL
Basic orthotic modifications
Metatarsal head cut outs
Heel cushioning
Metatarsal pads
Morton’s extension
Rigid forefoot extension
Toe crests
Materials
Top covering
EVA
Leather
Neoprene foam
Plastazote and other polyethylene foams
Polyurethane foam
Vinyl
Accommodative orthotic materials
Functional orthotic materials
Appendix 1
Glossary
Ind
About the authors
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Pedorthitcs
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